The present volume entitled „Contemporary Educational Challenges” is a joint project of sociologists and philosophers from the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin and the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University in Kyiv. The range of presented educational questions is broad; starting from general considerations on intercultural differences in the process of upbringing with reference to cultures of the East and West and issues of macro- and micro-social analysis of pedagogical discourse, to more detailed studies of health education in Poland and philosophical counselling. The book contains two texts concerned with an issue of particular importance – the principles of the Bologna Process and their implementation both in Ukraine and Poland, and articles on Polish students abroad and foreign (mostly Ukrainian and Belarusian) students in Poland.